Gajal, also known as kajal or kohl, is more than just an eye cosmetic in Nepal. It carries centuries of cultural, spiritual, and medicinal significance. Traditionally made from soot, oils, and herbs, Gajal is used for a variety of purposes, from protecting infants to enhancing beauty.
Cultural Significance of Gajal
- Protecting Infants from the Evil Eye
In many Nepalese communities, Gajal is applied to infants to protect them from the nazar (evil eye), which is believed to bring harm or misfortune. The black dots, or Tika, are placed on the forehead or behind the ears to keep the child safe. - Adorning Deities
In Hindu and Buddhist rituals, Gajal is applied to the eyes of deities in temples to symbolize alertness and divine energy. This practice links Gajal with spirituality, enhancing the connection between the gods and their followers. - A Sign of Elegance
During festivals like Teej and Dashain, Gajal is worn by women to highlight their eyes and enhance their traditional attire, making it a key element of cultural beauty.
Medicinal and Ayurvedic Value
- Natural Ingredients for Eye Health
Traditional Gajal uses natural ingredients like almond oil, camphor, and triphala, known for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. These ingredients help soothe and protect the eyes, especially in the dusty Kathmandu Valley.- Kupindo (ash gourd): Represents the demon or negativity to be defeated.
- Ukkhu (sugarcane) and Aduwa (ginger): Symbolize anger and resentment, which are offered to the deity during the puja.
- Protective Properties
Gajal serves as a natural barrier against dust, wind, and sunlight. Its herbal components also treat eye irritations and infections, making it both a cosmetic and medicinal remedy. - Postpartum Symbolism
In traditional practices, Gajal is applied to both mothers and newborns during postpartum ceremonies to signify purity, protection, and strengthen the bond between mother and child.
Key Ingredients in Gajal
Traditional Gajal includes ingredients such as Methi (Fenugreek) for inflammation, Kapoor (Camphor) for cooling, Kalo Jeera (Black Cumin) for antimicrobial protection, and Sukya Amla (Indian Gooseberry) to nourish eye tissues.
Traditional Preparation
Gajal is made by burning a cotton wick dipped in mustard oil or ghee. The soot is scraped off and mixed with clarified butter to form a smooth black paste. Some variations, like Newar Gajal, include camphor for cooling effects, while Ayurvedic versions may use herbs like neem.
Modern Context: A Shift to Organic
For the Newars, Mohani is not merely a festival but a time to reinforce their cultural identity and values, making it a uniquely enriching experience within Nepal’s diverse traditions.
Symbolism
In Hindu and Buddhist beliefs, eyes are considered the “seat of the soul,” and wearing Gajal emphasizes this connection. Historically, Gajal was also a social marker, indicating a woman’s marital status or her transition into adulthood.
Conclusion
Gajal is a powerful blend of beauty, tradition, and health in Nepal. Whether used to protect infants, enhance beauty, or symbolize spiritual clarity, it continues to play a vital role in Nepalese culture. As people return to organic and Ayurvedic methods, Gajal remains a timeless symbol of Nepal’s rich heritage.
