Temples in Kathmandu Valley are more than places of worship—they are repositories of stories, symbols, and philosophies. Each intricate carving, metal banner, or prayer flag carries centuries of tradition and meaning. Among these, the ‘Dhwaja’ or ‘Pata’—a long metal banner often unnoticed by casual onlookers—offers a fascinating glimpse into the valley’s spiritual and artistic heritage.
What is a Dhwaja or Pata?
In Nepal Bhasa, the native language of the Newar community, ‘pata’ refers to a banner-like object often crafted from metals like gold, bronze, or copper. These banners are an essential yet understated component of Nepal’s temple architecture. They hang gracefully along the temple facade, sometimes extending from the very top to the ground, or at times only reaching the first floor.
Their purpose? It is said they symbolize the pathway for Gods to descend, acting as a spiritual bridge between the divine and earthly realms. This belief adds an ethereal quality to these otherwise physical objects, emphasizing their role in connecting worshippers with the heavens.
The Materials and Craftsmanship
The material used to create these banners often signifies the temple’s importance.
- Larger temples feature banners made of gold, a mark of divine splendor.
- Silver banners are less common and are usually reserved for special occasions or kept inside the temple for protection.
- The most frequently used materials, however, are bronze and copper, prized for their durability and affordability.
The craftsmanship of these banners is exquisite, often featuring symbols and motifs that reflect Hindu and Buddhist philosophies. Common themes include the Ashtamangala (the Eight Auspicious Symbols), celestial patterns, and mythical creatures.
Variations and Symbolism
Each pata is unique, its design influenced by the temple’s history and the patronage of its donors. While some banners are plain and functional, others are intricately decorated with spiritual symbols and patterns. The length and positioning of the banner can vary dramatically:
- Full-length banners that stretch from the temple’s pinnacle to its base exude grandeur.
- Shorter banners, extending to just the first floor, offer a more modest, localized aesthetic.
These differences are not merely aesthetic but also serve as a reflection of the philosophical and spiritual interpretations tied to each temple.
The Forgotten Beauty
Despite their presence in almost every major temple, dhwajas and patas often go unnoticed by modern visitors. Many focus on the grandeur of the temple’s architecture or the religious idols within, overlooking these subtle yet significant elements. However, once you take a moment to notice them, they open up a world of stories and meanings that deepen your connection to the temple.
Why It Matters
Recognizing these small details in temple architecture fosters a stronger connection to our heritage. They remind us that the beauty of the Kathmandu Valley lies not just in its monuments but in the intricate, often hidden elements that define them. By learning about these features, we can ensure they are not forgotten by future generations.
Conclusion
The dhwaja or pata is a small but vital part of Kathmandu’s cultural and religious landscape. Its symbolic and artistic value speaks to the valley’s rich tradition of merging the spiritual with the material. So next time you visit a temple, pause to observe the banners hanging silently, and let their untold stories draw you into the timeless beauty of Kathmandu.
This is the essence of Kathmandu Ko Katha—sharing the untold stories, patterns, and philosophies that make our heritage special.
